What is the Mechanism that Powers Electric Vehicles?

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 Mechanism behind the EVs

Electricity, a renewable energy source, fuels electric vehicles. They produce no emissions and no hazardous gas emissions. As a result, they are environmentally friendly vehicles that contribute to reducing air pollution. The leading engineering institutes in Jaipur have produced a number of battery-powered automobiles that have already been released in India.

Electric cars operate on the premise that electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy, which is then converted into kinetic energy to produce mobility. Instead of a traditional internal combustion engine, EVs use an electric motor. Thus, conventional fuel (petrol/diesel) is replaced by electric energy. Electric charge is transformed into mechanical energy by the electric motor.

The key parts of an automobile that runs on conventional gasoline (petrol or diesel) are the engine, transmission, fuel tank, etc. In an electric car, an electric motor replaces the engine and a battery pack serves as the vehicle's fuel tank. Although all-electric vehicles have a more straightforward gear system, the transmission stays the same. Here are a few examples of how an EV works:

  1. The battery pack stores electrical energy when you charge the battery. The stored energy is used to power the electric motor and other accessories/components.
  2. A controller manages the flow of electrical energy to the motor.
  3. The controller modulates the flow of electricity depending on the signals received from the accelerator pedal.
  4. The electric motor receives power from the battery and converts it into mechanical energy.
  5. The transmission transfers the mechanical energy from the motor to drive the wheels.
  6. Some EVs produce regenerative braking energy. The energy produced during braking or deceleration of the vehicle is sent back to the battery pack.
  7. The battery pack can be charged via the charging port. The onboard charger converts AC (Alternating Current) to DC (Direct Current).
  8. Students of top engineering colleges in Jaipur can charge the battery by connecting an external power source to the vehicle’s charging port.
  9. An EV is also equipped with an auxiliary battery to power the vehicle’s accessories and other equipment.
  10. The auxiliary battery is recharged via a DC-to-DC convertor which converts high-voltage current from the battery pack to low voltage current.

How Does An Electric Car's Engine Work?

As mentioned earlier, an electric motor plays the role of an engine in electric vehicles. Typically, car manufacturers use AC motors in e-cars, which means the motor runs on Alternating Current (AC).

 The working mechanism of an electric motor are as follows:

  1. When you press the accelerator pedal, the Power Electronics Controller (PEC) controls the flow of electrical energy to the motor.
  2. The amount of current required to run the motor varies depending on the input on the accelerator pedal.
  3. Once the motor receives power, the rotors start spinning and produce mechanical energy.
  4. The mechanical energy produced by the motor starts rotating the gears or transmission.
  5. The transmission transfers the mechanical energy to the wheels, which propels the vehicle forward.

In simple terms—similar to an engine—the electric motor is the heart of the electric drivetrain. It converts the electrical signals to mechanical energy, which the transmission uses to drive the wheels by the students of best private engineering colleges in Jaipur.

 How Does Charging Work?

An electric vehicle is equipped with a charging port and an onboard charger that converts AC power to DC. An all-electric vehicle charger comes with various types of connectors, depending on the brand and the battery capacity. However, the basic principle of charging an eco-friendly car remains the same.

Students of BTech colleges can charge an EV by connecting it to an external power source. It could be the power outlet found in households or a dedicated charging station. EV charging is further divided into three levels depending on the capacity of the flow of electrical energy.

Level 1 charging - It is nothing but charging an EV via the regular 120-volt power outlet found in households. You can plug in the charger to the power outlet and can allow the battery to charge overnight.

Level 2 charging - It is the most common type of public charging station. You can even install a Level 2 charging station at your home, provided the car manufacturer gives you an option to do so. It uses a 240-volt power outlet. The charging time is reduced compared to 120-volt charging.

Level 3 charging - This system uses rapid chargers or DC fast chargers. Typically, EV manufacturers set up fast-charging stations at strategic locations, and you may also have to pay for using such charging stations. Thanks to DC electricity, the charging speed is rapid (typically, just over an hour for a full charge) with fast chargers. However, your EV needs to be compatible with quick charging to make use of Level 3 charging.

Charging an electric vehicle is similar to charging your smartphone. All you need to do is connect the battery-powered vehicle to an external power source via the cable provided by the car manufacturer.

 Key Features and Components Of An All-Electric Car

Now, you have understood the working mechanism of an electric vehicle. There are some key features and components of an EV including the following:

  1. Battery pack - It stores electrical energy, which is utilized by the vehicle's electric motor and other components.
  2. Electric motor - It is the heart of the electric drive train of best BTech college in Jaipur as it converts the electrical energy received from the battery pack to mechanical energy. The motor is connected to the transmission, which drives the wheels.
  3. Transmission - Commonly known as a gearbox, it transfers the mechanical energy from the motor to the wheels. In EVs, the transmission is automatic, and the gears' arrangement is simple compared to conventional cars.
  4. Power Electronics Controller (PEC) - It is a controller that manages the flow of electrical energy delivered by the battery pack. In turn, it controls the power and torque produced by the electric motor.
  5. Cooling system - A cooling system in an EV is similar to a radiator in a conventional car. The cooling system helps maintain the optimum operating temperature of the battery pack, electric motor, power controller, and other power train components.

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